You might already know I play Guild Wars 2 (GW2) a bit. It's partly because I find it relaxing, partly to study how the game works - GW2 is the only MMO where I've made it to end-game so I can try all the game's activities. (When I played WoW for three months I had a lot of fun, but I only made it to level 22. I understand levelling in WoW is a little faster now.) Since end-game activities are all expensive, I started looking into optimizing my gold income from loot. As it happens, loot is one of the things I want to work on improving in Miranda's next update.

I wish I could get out and do more shows, it's really fun showing Miranda to people. It is a little stressful though. Without fail, Miranda's AI would launch an all-out assault against my base as soon as someone came by and I'd have to try to introduce myself and tell my story while madly clicking to prevent my base from being wiped out. Doing shows is also reassuring. There is a market for this game if I can just get it in front of people.



Other than that, mostly I've been fixing bugs the last few weeks. When you're building new things it's easy to stay enthusiastic and engaged in what you're doing because you're constantly seeing new things and it feels like progress. When you have a bunch of new things that are working except for this weird black blob rendering in the middle of the screen in a few specific spots, it's the opposite.

So the last time we talked, I said I was working on new textures for the terrain. So... that's still underway.

I've been starting to think about the things I need to do to get the next build out to everyone. Back in January I fixed one of the bugs players reported which turned out to be in the container file used to store almost all of the data for the game. The container file does compression and encryption, versioning and some other things for game data automagically. At some point in the last couple months I realized that the fixed files were incompatible with the old ones. Old ones like the files that store all the information about player's units on the live server. Whoops. (Don't worry, I always check that new game builds work on the live data before I release them.) So I spent a day reworking the container files to be backwards compatible (and still fixed) and then rebuilding all the game data in the new format.

Today marks the one year anniversary of the start of #TheImperialRealmMiranda's Early Access. Woo!

I had some things I wanted to do to mark the occasion, but then my wife was out of commission for several days (she's fine now) so I was trying to do her stuff as well as my stuff, and that's exhausting and wildly disruptive.

So I thought I'd do a little #tweetstorm postmortem of the first year of Early Access.

What Went Right

People are having fun playing with the toys I've built. I check out what people are doing, and I'm constantly amazed by what they've accomplished and the unique things they're doing. Everybody really does play differently!

The feedback I have gotten from everyone has been amazingly supportive and helpful. I really can't thank everyone enough! You have given your time to submit bug reports, pages of written feedback & suggestions, and put up with hundreds of crashes. We are all building this dream.

The tech works. I was worried launching Early Access that it would fail in some spectacular manner I hadn't forseen. Getting hundreds of avatars for thousands of players on one seamless map in real-time is an incredibly challenging technology problem.

The niche works. To my amazement there still isn't another seamless open world massively multiplayer RTS like Miranda. Actually, knowing what it takes to build an MMORTS like this, it's not actually that amazing.

What Went Wrong

PR efforts have been an abject failure. I believed people would value a completely unique and playable game enough that they would overlook shortcomings in appearance. That was delusional thinking. Without great visuals you are at a massive marketing disadvantage.

The plan for Miranda to be a purely PvP game was a disaster. PvP seems a natural fit for RTS, but you know how people say they don't like PvP? It's true! So the focus is now on adding more cooperative and solo play choices.

I have some amazingly talented musicians and artists lined up to help me make Miranda the spectacular world I envision. I had planned to use some of the revenue from Early Access to pay them. So... it's still just me.

And Now...

I'm hard at work on the third major update I've dubbed "Bold New World". It will be done when it's done. There will also be an update for GDPR compliance. I'm not sure yet if they will be one-in-the-same.

The Imperial Realm::Miranda is by far the coolest and most difficult thing I've worked on. And I really don't know how it will work out. But it has given me the opportunity to know my daughter. And there is a huge value in that. I'm optimistic we can fix the rest.

Since I haven't posted any screenshots in a super-long time, here's a teeny preview of the new crystal formations I'm working on.

I had a nice little squee moment this afternoon. I finished one of the procedural rock formation types with its final material, and seeing it in-game it was better than I could have hoped for. It looks great. I took lots of screenshots.

Ambient Occlusion is also working at last, and it looks fantastic. Ambient Occlusion (AO) is the phenomenon where crevices and indented areas are darkened (their ambient light is obscured.) I felt that AO was critically important for selling the reality of Miranda's new procedural rock formations and it turns out I was right. AO anchors the rocks to the ground and gives them complexity and depth. It really does add the perfect finishing touch they needed.

I also finally solved a longstanding bug which resulted in random bright spots on the terrain. Math is hard.

Oh! And the game has a new icon.



Those are some good upgrades, and there are a whole bunch of other smaller improvements, but I also have a lot more things that are only partially done.

I was going to tweet this, but it turned out a bit long.



Programmers like the sizes of things to be powers of 2 (1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128,256...) The reason for this is that computers handle those sizes more efficiently than other sizes.

Miranda's terrain is a height map. Every 2.5 metres on a grid the game stores the height of the terrain. To render the terrain, the game draws rectangles (actually two triangles) between those points. There are lots and lots of points, so to make things manageable, the terrain is split into blocks. When I built the terrain, I decided terrain blocks should be 64 height samples across. My programmer brain was happy with that. The thing though, is that means that each terrain block is actually 63 squares across (because it needs heights on both sides to draw a piece of the terrain) or 157.5 metres.

This weird number has been a nuisance ever since. Just one example is the flowers. Flowers are placed on a one metre grid. (They are randomly shifted so you can't see they're on a grid, but they are nonetheless.) The problem was that there was a visible half metre strip at the sides of each terrain block where flowers didn't cover. So flower coordinates had to be multiplied by 157.5 / 157.0 to get rid of the gap.

This week I finally increased the block size to 65 (64 squares across) or 160 metres and it was astonishingly almost as simple as changing a single number.

The two differences players will notice is that map squares are now 320 metres instead of 315, and that the weird flat spots on the east and south sides of the map are gone.

The funny thing was, about 2 weeks after I settled on 64 as the size of the blocks, I realized that I needed one extra sample around all 4 edges in order to calculate the terrain normals so the blocks have actually always been 66 samples across.

I coded the shader for ambient occlusion on Friday all hopped up on cold medicine, so I'm really looking forward to seeing what I get on Monday. Ambient occlusion adds dark areas in crevices where the ambient light from the sun has trouble reaching. This helps anchor vehicles to the terrain by making a dark area under them, and I'm hoping it will help sell the new rock formations by enhancing the lighting in crevices. I'm implementing SAO which apparently gives good results and fast performance.

Thursday I finished the micro-prop system which places tiny detail models (rocks, sticks, tires etc.) on the terrain near the camera.

I've been working on procedural generation of cliffs and rock formations. Previously Miranda had a heightmap terrain with rock models (made by artists) placed on it by the terrain generation utility. All of these standalone rock models are placed based on a complicated set of rules. To help players identify impassible terrain, rock textures are placed on areas where vehicles can't navigate. I was never very happy with textured cliff faces, particularly at the map limits.



I started with a bunch of research, looking at all the different types of rock formations in nature. That was wonderful. I saw chalk deserts, volcanic glaciers in Iceland, and sandstone formations in Arizona among many others. Nature is amazing.

When I researched procedural rock generation algorithms, I was rather surprised to discover that nobody else seems to have done this before for games. I found a few articles on modelling individual stones procedurally, but nothing on a larger scale.

I got so busy with the graphics upgrade that I forgot to do a test weekend for everyone after the Return of The Fallen update, so it's happening this weekend! Anyone who has purchased any of The Imperial Realm::Miranda Early Access packages will be able to play this weekend from midnight Friday to midnight Sunday GMT. Support the development of this one-of-a-kind RTS and check it out at the same time with Early Access packages starting at just $7.

Figuring out the day of the week from a date is a frickin' nightmare. Back in 2009 I got an algorithm from Wikipedia, and apparently that algorithm was wrong because they've removed it. Since then, the editors for that page have evidently gone insane, because their new page is a mess of incomprehensible tables, messy algorithm descriptions and magic numbers.